The point i’m making about the pie metaphor is not that Graham’s view isn’t cogent, it’s that it’s one of a few logical ways to look at the pie metaphor.

Taking your McDonald’s worker metaphor, I’d tell it to a NY Cab driver. Because that’s exactly what’s happening. To clarify, I’m not necessarily saying that is always bad — all economies have winners and losers — but it could be argued that yes, exactly what you describe with the McDonald’s worker does happen.